Evolving sustainable water networks
نویسندگان
چکیده
The need for efficient pipe networks for urban water supply and drainage is introduced and discussed in the context of global sustainable development. The role of computer based analysis and design tools in the planning and operation of such systems is described, with the way in which these tools can help to minimize use of resources, energy and water losses being explained. In particular, numerical techniques such as Genetic Algorithms, which are based on the principles of natural evolution, are found to be particularly effective in dealing with the large, complex systems that typify urban water distribution networks. These evolutionary techniques are introduced and discussed, and several applications of the techniques to the development of efficient water systems are described. A case study on the use of these techniques in the calibration of an accurate mathematical model of an urban water distribution system is included. Elaboration de réseaux hydrauliques durables Résumé Le besoin de réseaux de canalisations efficaces pour l'alimentation en eau et l'assainissement est présenté et analysé dans le contexte d'un aménagement global durable. Le rôle des analyses informatiques et des outils de conception utilisés pour l'élaboration et la gestion de tels systèmes est décrit. La manière dont ces outils peuvent minimiser les besoins et les pertes d'énergie et d'eau est également expliquée. On s'aperçoit en particulier que les techniques numériques telles que les algorithmes génétiques, fondés sur la théorie de l'évolution par la sélection naturelle, sont particulièrement efficaces pour traiter les systèmes vastes et complexes que sont les réseaux urbains de distribution d'eau. Ces techniques, fondées sur la théorie de l'évolution, sont présentées et analysées et plusieurs applications de ces techniques à l'aménagement de systèmes hydrauliques efficaces sont décrites. Une étude de cas concernant l'utilisation de ces techniques pour caler un modèle mathématique précis d'un réseau de distribution d'eau urbain est incluse.
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تاریخ انتشار 1997